Question 1

Discuss the meaning and definition of tribes in the Indian context.

Accepted Answer

The term 'tribe' is complex and contested, lacking a universally accepted definition, particularly in the diverse Indian context, as highlighted in MAN-105. Its meaning is multifaceted, encompassing anthropological characteristics, constitutional provisions, and socio-cultural realities. Understanding tribes requires moving beyond simplistic generalizations and appreciating their unique socio-cultural and historical experiences.

Historically, early anthropologists often defined tribes based on

Question 2

Critically assess the concept of family, marriage and kinship in the matrilineal Khasi society.

Accepted Answer

The Khasi society of Meghalaya stands out due to its distinctive matrilineal system, which profoundly shapes its concepts of family, marriage, and kinship. This system, where descent is traced through the mother, has been extensively documented in anthropological studies, highlighting a unique social structure where women hold significant domestic and economic power.

In Khasi society, the family unit, known as 'Iing', is centered around the mother. Residence after marriage is predominantly uxor

Question 3

Examine the various modes of economic sustenance among the tribes of India.

Accepted Answer

The economic sustenance among the tribes of India is remarkably diverse, reflecting their varied ecological settings, historical interactions, and socio-cultural structures. Historically, these modes have evolved from subsistence-level activities to more integrated economic practices, often influenced by external forces and market demands. Understanding these modes is crucial for comprehending tribal life and challenges, as highlighted in MAN-105.

One of the most ancient forms of economic suste

Question 4

Write short notes on the following:

Accepted Answer

The provided course, MAN-105 - Tribes in India, delves into various aspects of tribal and marginalized communities in India. The following notes address specific concepts related to historical classifications and significant socio-political movements that have impacted diverse groups, including those designated as tribes or communities facing similar challenges. Understanding de-notified communities sheds light on the legacy of colonial legislation and its enduring effects, while the Dravidian m

Question 5

Examine the forest management policies adopted during the Colonial era.

Accepted Answer

The British Colonial administration in India dramatically transformed traditional forest management into a system geared towards commercial exploitation and state control, a process critically examined in MAN-105. Initially, their interest in Indian forests stemmed from the need for timber to construct railways and supply the Royal Navy with shipbuilding material. This led to a systematic shift from local community-based forest use to a centralized, revenue-driven management paradigm.

Faced wit

Question 6

Discuss the impact of industrialisation and globalisation on the tribes in India.

Accepted Answer

Industrialisation and globalisation have acted as powerful, often disruptive, forces fundamentally reshaping the socio-economic landscape and cultural fabric of tribal communities across India. These processes, while presented as pathways to progress and integration, have profoundly impacted tribal livelihoods, land rights, traditional governance structures, and unique cultural identities. The transformation is complex, encompassing both intended benefits and significant unintended consequences,

Question 7

Describe the special provisions for administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas as per the Constitution of India.

Accepted Answer

The Constitution of India provides a unique and elaborate framework for the administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas, recognizing the distinct cultural identity and socio-economic vulnerabilities of tribal communities. These special provisions, primarily enshrined in the Fifth and Sixth Schedules, aim to protect tribal land, culture, and ensure their self-governance and socio-economic development, preventing exploitation.

**The Fifth Schedule: Administration of Scheduled Areas**

The Fift

Question 8

Write short notes on the following:

Accepted Answer

The issues of displacement, rehabilitation, debt-bondage, and land alienation represent significant challenges faced by tribal communities in India. These problems often stem from historical marginalization, economic vulnerability, and the impact of development policies and external exploitative practices. Understanding these interconnected issues is crucial for appreciating the socio-economic conditions of Tribes in India, a core aspect of MAN-105.

Tribal societies, deeply connected to their l

MAN-105 Solved Assignment — January 2026

Tribes in India | IGNOU Master of Arts (Anthropology) (MAANY)

MAN-105—January 2026

Tribes in India

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MAN-105 Assignment Questions — January 2026

Q1. Discuss the meaning and definition of tribes in the Indian context.

Q2. Critically assess the concept of family, marriage and kinship in the matrilineal Khasi society.

Q3. Examine the various modes of economic sustenance among the tribes of India.

Q4. Write short notes on the following:

Q5. Examine the forest management policies adopted during the Colonial era.

Q6. Discuss the impact of industrialisation and globalisation on the tribes in India.

Q7. Describe the special provisions for administration of Scheduled and Tribal Areas as per the Constitution of India.

Q8. Write short notes on the following:

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