Q1. Discuss the development of sociology of religion.
- Sociology of religion emerged in 19th century, studying religion as a social phenomenon.
- Enlightenment fostered scientific inquiry, shifting religion analysis from theology to sociology.
- Karl Marx viewed religion as "opium of the people," legitimizing inequality and exploitation.
- Émile Durkheim emphasized religion's role in social cohesion, distinguishing sacred from profane.
Answer: The sociology of religion emerged as a distinct academic discipline in the 19th century, spurred by profound societal upheavals such as industrialization, urbanization, and the intellectual ferment of the Enlightenment. It fundamentally shifted the study of religion from a theological or philosophical inquiry to a scientific, empirical analysis of its social dimensions. This field aims to systematically understand religion's structures, functions, and dynamic interplay with broader social system...