Q1. Write short notes on the following:

• (a)) Concept of pest status. (125 words)
• (b)) Structural perfections exhibited by the insect pests. (125 words)
• (c)) Developmental characteristics exhibited by the insect pests. (125 words)
• (d)) Extent of damage caused by pests. (125 words)

Q2. Answer the following:

• (i)) Describe the evolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores. (125 words)
• (ii)) What role do microbial symbionts play in insect-plant interactions? (125 words)
• (iii)) Explain how host shifts in insects can lead to speciation. (125 words)
• (iv)) Evaluate the role of RNA interference (RNAi) in pest management. (125 words)

Q3. Write short notes on the following:

• (i)) Gundhi Bug (Leptocorisa varicornis) adult (125 words)
• (ii)) Damage caused by E. insulana (125 words)
• (iii)) Damage caused by Sugarcane Pyrilla (125 words)
• (iv)) Management of Castor Semilooper (125 words)

Q4. Answer the following:

• (a)) Discuss the various stored grain insect pest management strategies. (250 words)
• (b)) List the various functions of Locust Warning Organisation (LWO). Explain its role in International cooperation to manage the locusts in different countries. (250 words)

Q5. Discus the process of host plant resistance (HPR) in insects.