Q1. Discuss and examine the idea of ends and means in Gandhian Philosophy? Or What is the idea of Swaraj in Gandhian Philosophy? “Satyagraha is not possible without swaraj". Analyze.
Key Points:
- Swaraj is multifaceted: individual self-control, political self-governance, economic self-sufficiency, and social equality.
- Individual Swaraj (self-mastery) is foundational for moral courage and self-reliance.
- National Swaraj means decentralized, village-based governance and freedom from external/internal exploitation.
- Satyagraha is active non-violent resistance based on truth and non-violence (Ahimsa).
Answer: In Gandhian philosophy, 'Swaraj' is a multifaceted concept that extends far beyond mere political independence. It encapsulates self-rule at individual, national, and universal levels, serving as both an ideal and a continuous process of moral and political emancipation. Individual Swaraj refers to self-control, mastery over one's senses, thoughts, and actions. It is an inner spiritual freedom, where one is free from internal vices and external temptations. This self-mastery is foundational, as...