Q1. Discuss various roles/factors take place in organizing 'text'.

Q2. What is meant by context which the language occurs in?

Q3. Look at the sentences below and identify which basic sentence pattern they belong to.

• (i)) Look at the sentences below and identify which basic sentence pattern they belong to – SV, SVA, SVC or SVO: a) Some people don't like the food sold on streets. b) The officer appeared tired after the meeting. c) The posters were everywhere, all over the town. d) The mother was feeling quite sad for the baby. e) No passengers were inside the train at that time. (100 words)
• (ii)) Look at the following sentences and identify which basic sentence pattern they belong to – SVOA, SVOC or SVOO: a) The whole nation called Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 'Mahatma'. b) He kept his parents in the dark about his new friends. c) Newspapers called the new law a shame for democracy. d) Her parents may give her a simple gift this birthday. e) This new idea will make our boss quite happy. (100 words)

Q4. Identify the tense and the aspect of the verb phrases in the following sentences:

• a)) She was driving her car along a hilly road. (20 words)
• b)) Some guests have arrived early in taxis. (20 words)
• c)) You could have asked for our advice. (20 words)
• d)) These questions have been asked so many times by the media. (20 words)
• e)) The striking workers were shifted to a different venue. (20 words)
• f)) Who can explain the meaning of this strange word? (20 words)
• g)) None of the students was given a chance to speak. (20 words)
• h)) We are looking forward to our vacations so eagerly! (20 words)
• i)) The car has run out of fuel. (20 words)
• j)) The final plan is still lying on his table for approval. (20 words)

Q5. Work with relative clauses as instructed below.

• (i)) Identify the relative clause(s) in the following sentences: (a) Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.) advised anyone who intended to build a farm house to avoid swampy land. (b) Malaria, which means bad air in Italian, was assumed to be caused by minute animals that entered the body by way of mouth and nose. (c) In 1980, the French physician, Laveran, who was working as a surgeon with the French army in Algeria, noticed a microscopic organism in the red-blood corpuscles of malaria patients. (60 words)
• (ii)) Complete the sentences with an appropriate relative clause- (a) I don't like stories that ...... (b) An architect is someone who..... (c) Earth is the only planet which .... (d) The house which ..... (200 words)
• (iii)) Combine the sentences into a single sentence containing a relative clause. (a) Have you found the keys? You lost the keys yesterday. (b) We met Ayushi. We met her yesterday. She is my daughter's roommate. (c) I slept in a bed last night. The bed was not comfortable. (150 words)

Q6. Transcribe the following words.

• a)) Essential (10 words)
• b)) Territory (10 words)
• c)) Solution (10 words)
• d)) Furnishes (10 words)
• e)) Pressure (10 words)
• f)) Pollute (10 words)
• g)) Nuisance (10 words)
• h)) Burden (10 words)
• i)) Atomic (10 words)
• j)) Naughty (10 words)

Q7. The following sentences represent formal writing. Re-write them as they would be spoken, using contracted forms.

• a)) They said they will be here by ten. (20 words)
• b)) She has told us she is going to resign. (20 words)
• c)) This is the house they have decided to buy. (20 words)
• d)) I am sure he will be careful in future. (20 words)
• e)) We have started working on the project. (20 words)
• f)) It is not the best way to do it. (20 words)
• g)) They have promised me they will be on time. (20 words)
• h)) You sign here and I will do the rest. (20 words)
• i)) We are going home early today. (20 words)
• j)) They would have come to your rescue if they had been here. (20 words)

Q8. Write all the Phonetic symbols of the English vowels and consonants, with their suitable examples.