Q1. Differentiate between the following pairs of terms:
- i)) Photophosphorylation and Oxidative phosphorylation (100 words)
- ii)) Competitive and Non-competitive inhibition (100 words)
- iii)) Diffusion and Osmosis (100 words)
- iv)) C3 and C4 plants (100 words)
Key Points:
- Photophosphorylation uses light energy in chloroplasts; Oxidative phosphorylation uses chemical energy in mitochondria.
- Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, increasing Km; Non-competitive inhibitors bind elsewhere, decreasing Vmax.
- Diffusion is solute movement down a gradient; Osmosis is water movement across a semi-permeable membrane.
- C3 plants fix CO₂ directly with RuBisCO, prone to photorespiration; C4 plants use PEP carboxylase, then RuBisCO in bundle sheath cells (Kranz anatomy).
Answer: Differentiation between key biological processes and types is fundamental to understanding plant physiology and metabolism. This answer elucidates the distinctions between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibition, diffusion and osmosis, and C3 and C4 plants, drawing on core concepts from BBYCT-137. Each comparison highlights distinct mechanisms, locations, and physiological roles critical for cellular function and plant adaptation. Th...